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git log

1. 文档​

基础命令：git log

官方文档地址：https://git-scm.com/docs/git-log

功能：主要用来查看提交历史。

2. 基础命令​

2.1 git log [xxx]​

不加任何参数的默认情况下，git log会按时间先后顺序列出所有的提交，最近的提交排在最上面。

  • git log：默认真是所有的提交历史；
  • git log file1：查看指定文件file1的提交历史；
  • git log dir1/：查看指定dir1目录下所有文件的提交历史；
  • git log dev：查看dev分支所有的提交历史；
  • git log v2.0：查看v2.0对应的tag下的提交历史；
  • git log eb1aab29a：查看某次commit之前的提交历史，包括这次commit；
  • git log eb1aab29a 335a360：查看某两次commit之间的提交历史，包括这两次commit；
  • git log eb1aab29a..335a360：查看某两次commit之间的提交历史，不包括这两次commit；

2.2 git log -2​

查看最近的两个提交记录，可以与其他命名模式或参数组合使用。

  • git log -n：查看最近的n个提交记录。

2.3 git log -p​

以上命令等同于git log --patch。

它会显示每次提交所引入的差异（按补丁的格式输出）。

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log -p
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 16:09:06 2021 +0800

    update a.txt

diff --git a/a.txt b/a.txt
index 72943a1..6857d14 100644
--- a/a.txt
+++ b/a.txt
@@ -1 +1 @@
-aaa
+aaandy

2.4 git log --stat​

显示每次提交的简略统计信息：包括修改过的文件，以及其中添加和移除的行数，并在最后列出所有增减行数的统计。

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --stat
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 16:09:06 2021 +0800

    update a.txt

 a.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

2.5 git log --shortstat​

只显示--stat中最后的行数添加修改删除统计

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --shortstat
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 16:09:06 2021 +0800

    update a.txt

 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

2.6 git log --merges​

查看所有合并过的提交历史记录。

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --merges
commit eedc4316a67fee2177dcb9e971a5583252cdf902 (HEAD -> dev_20210203_17539, origin/dev_20210203_17539)
Merge: 83f41a9 b12154b
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Tue Mar 23 17:53:34 2021 +0800

    Merge branch 'master' into dev_20210203_17539
....

2.7 git log --no-merges​

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --no-merges
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 16:09:06 2021 +0800

    update a.txt

commit 64bf692c4b951d90a9eaa2f29d9a8776fe9f6d05
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 15:06:55 2021 +0800

    add c.txt

commit 1c68353f1c7f17b91032e02f605d3b6e1cdb4f2f
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 13:45:26 2021 +0800

    init

2.8 git log --name-status​

显示新增、修改和删除的文件清单。

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --name-status
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 16:09:06 2021 +0800

    update a.txt

M       a.txt

commit 64bf692c4b951d90a9eaa2f29d9a8776fe9f6d05
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 15:06:55 2021 +0800

    add c.txt

A       c.txt

commit 1c68353f1c7f17b91032e02f605d3b6e1cdb4f2f
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 13:45:26 2021 +0800

    init

A       a.txt
A       b.txt

2.9 git log --name-only​

只在已修改的提交信息后显示文件清单。

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --name-only
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 16:09:06 2021 +0800

    update a.txt

a.txt

2.10 git log --graph​

显示ASCII图形表示的分支合并历史

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --graph
* commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
| Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
| Date:   Thu May 20 16:09:06 2021 +0800
|
|     update a.txt
|
* commit 64bf692c4b951d90a9eaa2f29d9a8776fe9f6d05
| Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
| Date:   Thu May 20 15:06:55 2021 +0800
|
|     add c.txt
|
* commit 1c68353f1c7f17b91032e02f605d3b6e1cdb4f2f
  Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
  Date:   Thu May 20 13:45:26 2021 +0800

      init

2.11 git log --abbrev-commit​

仅显示SHA-1的前几个字符，而非所有的40个字符。

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --abbrev-commit
commit f9651a1 (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 16:09:06 2021 +0800

    update a.txt

2.12 git log --relative-date​

使用相对时间表示历史

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --relative-date
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   12 days ago

    update a.txt

2.13 git log --author​

根据author进行匹配，这里不需要精确匹配，只需要包含就可以。

  • git log --author='AndyWang'：获取所有作者是AndyWang的commit；
  • git log --author='andy \| qiqi'：获取作者是andy或qiqi的提交；
  • git log --author='xxx@outlook.com’：author也可以用来查询email。

2.14 git log -S​

根据内容查询，如下，用来查询内容aaa什么时候被加入到文件中。

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log -S 'aaa'
commit 1c68353f1c7f17b91032e02f605d3b6e1cdb4f2f
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 13:45:26 2021 +0800

    init

2.15 git log -G​

与git log -S类似，只是-G是用正则匹配来查询。

2.16 git log --before​

查看在某个时间点之前的commit

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --before='Thu May 20 15:06:55'
commit 64bf692c4b951d90a9eaa2f29d9a8776fe9f6d05
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 15:06:55 2021 +0800

    add c.txt

commit 1c68353f1c7f17b91032e02f605d3b6e1cdb4f2f
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 13:45:26 2021 +0800

    init

也可以使用相对时间表示，如：

git log --before='yesterday'
git log --before='1 week ago'

2.17 git log --after​

查看在某个时间点之后的commit。

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --after='Thu May 20 15:06:55'
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 16:09:06 2021 +0800

    update a.txt

commit 64bf692c4b951d90a9eaa2f29d9a8776fe9f6d05
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 15:06:55 2021 +0800

    add c.txt

--before与--after可以结合使用，表示在两个时间区间之内的提交。

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --before='Thu May 20 16:09:06 2021 +0800' --after='Thu May 20 15:06:55 2021 +0800'
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 16:09:06 2021 +0800

    update a.txt

commit 64bf692c4b951d90a9eaa2f29d9a8776fe9f6d05
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 15:06:55 2021 +0800

    add c.txt

2.18 git log --date​

定制输出日期格式。

2.18.1 --date=relative​

以相对时间格式显示。

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --date=relative
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   12 days ago

    update a.txt

2.18.2 --date=local​

以Thu May 20 16:09:06 2021格式显示

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --date=local
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 16:09:06 2021

    update a.txt

2.18.3 --date=iso​

以2021-05-20 16:09:06 +0800格式显示

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --date=iso
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   2021-05-20 16:09:06 +0800

    update a.txt

2.18.4 --date=rfc​

以Thu, 20 May 2021 16:09:06 +0800格式显示

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --date=rfc
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu, 20 May 2021 16:09:06 +0800

    update a.txt

2.18.5 --date=short​

以2021-05-20格式显示

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --date=short
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   2021-05-20

    update a.txt

2.18.6 --date=raw​

以1621498146 +0800格式显示

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --date=raw
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   1621498146 +0800

    update a.txt

2.18.7 --date=default​

以默认格式显示

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --date=default
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 16:09:06 2021 +0800

    update a.txt

2.18.8 --date=format​

自定义格式显示。

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --date=format:'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   2021-05-20 16:09:06

    update a.txt

格式占位符如下：

占位符占位符代表含义
%aAbbreviated weekday name
%AFull weekday name
%bAbbreviated month name
%BFull month name
%cDate and time representation appropriate for locale
%dDay of month as decimal number (01 – 31)
%HHour in 24-hour format (00 – 23)
%IHour in 12-hour format (01 – 12)
%jDay of year as decimal number (001 – 366)
%mMonth as decimal number (01 – 12)
%MMinute as decimal number (00 – 59)
%pCurrent locale's A.M./P.M. indicator for 12-hour clock
%SSecond as decimal number (00 – 59)
%UWeek of year as decimal number, with Sunday as first day of week (00 – 53)
%wWeekday as decimal number (0 – 6; Sunday is 0)
%WWeek of year as decimal number, with Monday as first day of week (00 – 53)
%xDate representation for current locale
%XTime representation for current locale
%yYear without century, as decimal number (00 – 99)
%YYear with century, as decimal number
%z, %ZEither the time-zone name or time zone abbreviation, depending on registry settings; no characters if time zone is unknown
%%Percent sign

2.19 git log --pretty​

使用不同的默认格式展示提交历史。

2.19.1 --pretty=oneline​

在一行展示提交历史的简要信息；

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --pretty=oneline
f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master) update a.txt
64bf692c4b951d90a9eaa2f29d9a8776fe9f6d05 add c.txt
1c68353f1c7f17b91032e02f605d3b6e1cdb4f2f init

2.19.2 --pretty=short​

展示提交历史的简短信息，一般只展示Author和提交信息；

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --pretty=short
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>

    update a.txt

commit 64bf692c4b951d90a9eaa2f29d9a8776fe9f6d05
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>

    add c.txt

commit 1c68353f1c7f17b91032e02f605d3b6e1cdb4f2f
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>

    init

2.19.3 --pretty=medium​

与git log效果相同，展示Author、Date和提交信息；

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --pretty=medium
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 16:09:06 2021 +0800

    update a.txt

commit 64bf692c4b951d90a9eaa2f29d9a8776fe9f6d05
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 15:06:55 2021 +0800

    add c.txt

commit 1c68353f1c7f17b91032e02f605d3b6e1cdb4f2f
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date:   Thu May 20 13:45:26 2021 +0800

    init

2.19.4 --pretty=full​

只展示Author、Commit和提交信息；

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --pretty=full
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Commit: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>

    update a.txt

commit 64bf692c4b951d90a9eaa2f29d9a8776fe9f6d05
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Commit: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>

    add c.txt

commit 1c68353f1c7f17b91032e02f605d3b6e1cdb4f2f
Author: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Commit: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>

    init

2.19.5 --pretty=fuller​

展示比较全面的信息，包括Author、AuthorDate、Commit、CommitDate和提交信息；

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --pretty=fuller
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd (HEAD -> dev, master)
Author:     AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
AuthorDate: Thu May 20 16:09:06 2021 +0800
Commit:     AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
CommitDate: Thu May 20 16:09:06 2021 +0800

    update a.txt

commit 64bf692c4b951d90a9eaa2f29d9a8776fe9f6d05
Author:     AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
AuthorDate: Thu May 20 15:06:55 2021 +0800
Commit:     AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
CommitDate: Thu May 20 15:06:55 2021 +0800

    add c.txt

commit 1c68353f1c7f17b91032e02f605d3b6e1cdb4f2f
Author:     AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
AuthorDate: Thu May 20 13:45:26 2021 +0800
Commit:     AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
CommitDate: Thu May 20 13:45:26 2021 +0800

    init

2.19.6 --pretty=email​

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --pretty=email
From f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 20 May 2021 16:09:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] update a.txt


From 64bf692c4b951d90a9eaa2f29d9a8776fe9f6d05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 20 May 2021 15:06:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] add c.txt


From 1c68353f1c7f17b91032e02f605d3b6e1cdb4f2f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com>
Date: Thu, 20 May 2021 13:45:26 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] init

2.19.7 --pretty=raw​

~/workspace/github/git-study(dev ✔) git log --pretty=raw
commit f9651a1b2b64ea26b960983845a3b7443e81cdcd
tree 96a8112ff305a9d8c94985eba8c25bb4c296d43e
parent 64bf692c4b951d90a9eaa2f29d9a8776fe9f6d05
author AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com> 1621498146 +0800
committer AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com> 1621498146 +0800

    update a.txt

commit 64bf692c4b951d90a9eaa2f29d9a8776fe9f6d05
tree 15b6c2b4cbb04ddb97da706346ed34086664309d
parent 1c68353f1c7f17b91032e02f605d3b6e1cdb4f2f
author AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com> 1621494415 +0800
committer AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com> 1621494415 +0800

    add c.txt

commit 1c68353f1c7f17b91032e02f605d3b6e1cdb4f2f
tree 65b70c81bbedd324eb1d79c90a72ea2bddae82b4
author AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com> 1621489526 +0800
committer AndyWang <wangyuanwenqi@outlook.com> 1621489526 +0800

    init

2.19.8 --pretty=format​

使用其他格式显示历史提交信息。

git log --pretty=format:"%h" 
git log --pretty=format:'%s %C(bold blue)(%an)%Creset'
git log --pretty=format:'%Cred%h%Creset -%C(yellow)%d%Creset %s %Cgreen(%cr)%Creset'

其他占位符的含义：

占位符占位符含义
%H提交对象（commit）的完整哈希字串
%h提交对象的简短哈希字串
%T树对象（tree）的完整哈希字串
%t树对象的简短哈希字串
%P父对象（parent）的完整哈希字串
%p父对象的简短哈希字串
%an作者（author）的名字
%ae作者的电子邮件地址
%ad作者修订日期（可以用 -date= 选项定制格式）
%ar作者修订日期，按多久以前的方式显示
%cn提交者(committer)的名字
%ce提交者的电子邮件地址
%cd提交日期（可以用 -date= 选项定制格式）
%cr提交日期，按多久以前的方式显示
%s提交说明